Practical exercise
What is aperture?: try it yourself

1. Aperture Scale
Take same photo at f/3.5, f/8, f/16; observe background blur change.
2. Toy Portrait
Photograph a toy with books behind; see how background sharpness changes.
3. Light Test
At same ISO/shutter, compare brightness at f/4 vs. f/11 (note: should be darker).
4. Aperture & Focus
At f/2.8, focus on front eye of stuffed animal; see if back eye is blurred.
5. DIY Bokeh
Place fairy lights in background; shoot wide open (e.g., f/3.5) for soft circles.
